Charging Electric Cars – Electric vehicle charging is available in three stages. Stage 1 uses 120 volts of power and lasts all day (and night) for an electric vehicle. Level 2 uses 240 volts and recharges the electric vehicle in a few hours. Level 3 (CC Fast Charge, Tesla Supercharging) gets the job done at public charging stations in less than an hour.
We’ve been fueling our cars with gasoline for over a hundred years. There are several options to choose from: regular, mid-range or premium petrol or diesel. However, the fueling process is relatively easy, everyone knows how to do it, and it takes about five minutes.
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With electric vehicles, however, refueling – the charging process – is not so easy or so fast. There are several reasons for this, for example the fact that each electric vehicle can consume different amounts of electricity. Different types of connectors are also used, but most importantly, there are different levels of EV charging that determine how long it takes to charge an EV.
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Charge states and charge times apply to electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, but not conventional hybrids. Hybrids are charged by regeneration or the engine, not by an external charger.
There are three stages of electric vehicle charging; Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. Level 3 is divided into DC fast charging and super charging (Tesla). The higher the state of charge, the faster the charging process as more power is delivered to the vehicle. It is important to note that different EVs are charged at different rates at each level, as each EV device can accept different power levels from the EVSE, the charger.
When an electric vehicle is plugged in, a communication process occurs before the charger is powered. Basically, the car asks the charger how much current it can deliver, and then the car asks the maximum amount of current the station can deliver and the vehicle can take.
The car always determines how much energy it uses, so you don’t have to worry about plugging into a charging station that might provide more power than your electric vehicle can handle. The car
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Level 1 charging uses a standard 120-volt household outlet. Any electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle can be charged at Level 1 by plugging the charger into a standard wall outlet. Level 1 is the slowest way to charge electric vehicles. Adds 3 to 5 miles of range per hour.
Level 1 charging works well for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as they have smaller batteries, currently less than 25 kWh. Because EVs have much larger batteries, charging at Level 1 is too slow for most daily charging unless the vehicle needs to be driven very far each day. Most BEV owners find that Stage 2 charging best meets their daily charging needs.
Charge level 2 is the most commonly used charge level for daily charging of electric vehicles. Level 2 chargers can be installed at home, at work, as well as in public places such as shopping malls, train stations and other destinations. A Stage 2 charge can fill between 12 and 80 miles of range per hour, depending on the power output of the Stage 2 charger and the vehicle’s maximum charging speed.
Most BEV owners choose to install stage 2 chargers in their homes because they charge the vehicle up to 10 times faster than stage 1 charging. Charging from a stage 2 source 2 usually means the vehicle is fully charged at night, even if you turn it on. battery with low battery.
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Level 2 chargers can deliver up to 80 amps of current. However, this requires a dedicated 100A 208-240V circuit and heavy and expensive power line from the fuse box. Most owners are well served by opting for a 40 amp charger capable of delivering 9.6 kW to the electric vehicle. A 48A charger can charge slightly faster at 11.5kW, but requires a thicker wire and the charger must be wired to meet the NEC code. As a result, 48 amp chargers can cost significantly more than a 40 amp device and only offer slightly faster charging.
Level 3 charging is the fastest charging mode available and can charge an electric vehicle at speeds between 3 and 20 miles per minute. Unlike stage 1 and stage 2 charging, which use alternating current (AC), stage 3 charging uses direct current (DC). The voltage is also much higher than when charging level 1 and 2, which is why you don’t see level 3 chargers installed in your home. Very few residential areas have the high voltage supply required for stage 3 charging.
Also, DC fast chargers cost tens of thousands of dollars. Even if your home has a 400-volt outlet, the cost of installing the charger will likely cost more than your EV. Tesla calls its Level 3 chargers Superchargers; others are called DC fast chargers. Nissan’s current electric vehicles use a third specification, CHAdeMO.
In North America, all electric vehicles except Tesla use the same Level 1 and Level 2 charging connector called J1772 or “J-Plug”. Three standards are currently used for Level 3 charging. Tesla uses its proprietary connector, Nissan and Mitsubishi use the Asian standard called CHAdeMO, and all other manufacturers use a combined charging system, CCS, or “combo” connector. However, Nissan recently announced that it will switch to a phase 3 combo charging connector on its new electric vehicles in North America and Europe starting in late 2021.
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Most US households can add a Level 2 charging circuit without requiring a service upgrade. A Level 2 charger requires its own 240 volt circuit like an electric clothes dryer or electric range. In some cases, you can even share the existing circuit that powers the electric clothes dryer with your Level 2 EV charger if it is located in or near your garage.
Level 2 chargers range in price from $250 to $1,000, depending on the power and features available. Installation typically costs $200 to $1,000, and thousands if you need a service upgrade to add the necessary additional circuitry. It is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed electrician before purchasing an electric vehicle to know in advance exactly how much it will cost to install the home charging equipment. A federal tax credit can offset up to 30% of the cost of purchasing and installing a charger. It is valid until the end of 2021.
What is the fill level of the charging cable that came with my car? If I have this, do I need a charger in the garage or just a 240 volt outlet?
Every electric vehicle comes with a portable charger. Some are Level 1, some are Level 2, and some come with adapters that allow them to plug into and charge both Level 1 and Level 2 outlets. Some devices are all the owner needs to charge their electric vehicle, but others are not powerful enough and owners will want to buy a more powerful charger. You should check the power output of the standard charger and see how it meets your charging needs based on how many miles you drive in a typical day.
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NO. Tesla Superchargers can only be used to charge Tesla vehicles. The Tesla Supercharger Network is a proprietary network installed by Tesla just for Tesla customers.
Can I charge my Tesla with a non-Sena DC fast charger in places where I wouldn’t find a Supercharger?
Yes, Tesla sells a $400 adapter that allows Tesla owners to connect to CHAdeMO DC fast chargers. Tesla also plans to sell a combo adapter so Tesla owners can access DC fast chargers using the combo standard. Tesla to combo adapters are already available in Europe, but the combo connector in North America is slightly different, so a different adapter had to be developed.
Level 3 chargers are operated by private charging networks and prices vary widely from network to network. Some charge the customer based on how long the vehicle is connected to the charger, while others charge based on how much electricity is being used. Charging your EV with a Level 3 charger almost always costs much more than charging at home and can cost 2-3 times more in some locations. At this point, the cost of driving on electricity is roughly the same as driving on gasoline, but with lower overall emissions.
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Are there ways to get lower prices on L3 chargers? Can I join a club? Do you have volume discounts?
Most electric vehicle charging networks offer charging discounts when you join a monthly or annual service plan that requires payment of a fee. However, if you use the network more than once a month, the savings usually more than cover the cost of a monthly subscription.
Many car manufacturers offer a discount or even free charging for several years on a certain charging network. In some cases, an electric vehicle can be charged for free and unlimited in a network of partners for a maximum of three years. Always ask your dealer if discounted or free charging plans are included with the electric vehicle you are considering.
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